What is a sigma bond?

Study for the CIE Chemistry Advanced Subsidiary (AS) Level Test. Prepare with multiple-choice questions and detailed explanations. Master the exam!

Multiple Choice

What is a sigma bond?

Explanation:
A sigma bond is a covalent bond formed by end-to-end overlap of orbitals along the line between the two nuclei, giving electron density directly along that internuclear axis. This type of bond is the first component of any covalent connection and is typically what you have in a single bond. In a double or triple bond, there is still one sigma bond, with additional pi bonds formed by sideways overlap of p orbitals above and below the bond axis. Ionic bonds are based on electrostatic attraction between ions, not shared electron density along an axis, and pi bonds arise from sideways overlap, not the head-on overlap that defines a sigma bond. Covalent bonds describe sharing electrons in general, but a sigma bond specifically refers to this direct, axis-aligned overlap.

A sigma bond is a covalent bond formed by end-to-end overlap of orbitals along the line between the two nuclei, giving electron density directly along that internuclear axis. This type of bond is the first component of any covalent connection and is typically what you have in a single bond. In a double or triple bond, there is still one sigma bond, with additional pi bonds formed by sideways overlap of p orbitals above and below the bond axis. Ionic bonds are based on electrostatic attraction between ions, not shared electron density along an axis, and pi bonds arise from sideways overlap, not the head-on overlap that defines a sigma bond. Covalent bonds describe sharing electrons in general, but a sigma bond specifically refers to this direct, axis-aligned overlap.

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